실제 LMS 구현을 위한 부분은 굵은 파란색으로 표시했습니다. 의외로 간단하다는 것을 보실 수 있습니다. 해당 부분들을 제거하면 그냥 LMS 없는 평범한 MNIST training code가 됩니다.
이 example code도 PowerAI 5.2를 설치하면 딸려오는 /opt/DL/tensorflow/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/contrib/lms/examples/mnist_deep_lms.py 을 그대로 가져다 놓은 것입니다.
실제 수행해보면 다음과 같이 동작하며, 27개의 tensor가 host 서버의 RAM으로 swap-out/in 되는 것을 보실 수 있습니다.
[bsyu@p57a22 examples]$ CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=3 python mnist_deep_lms.py
...
INFO:tensorflow:[LMS][0] Editing model for LMSINFO:tensorflow:[LMS][0] n_tensors: all tensors
INFO:tensorflow:[LMS][0] lb: 3
INFO:tensorflow:[LMS][0] Edited model is valid and logically equivalent to the original one
INFO:tensorflow:[LMS][0] Added 53 ops into the model
INFO:tensorflow:[LMS][0] Editing model for LMS, took: 179.62193489074707 ms
INFO:tensorflow:[LMS][0] 27 tensors will be swapped out(in) to(from) the host
Saving graph to: /tmp/tmpz5ozc9jr
2018-08-20 21:37:47.954552: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:1356] Found device 0 with properties:
....
step 19900, training accuracy 1
test accuracy 0.9918
test accuracy 0.9918
[bsyu@p57a22 doc]$ cd /opt/DL/tensorflow/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/contrib/lms/examples/
[bsyu@p57a22 examples]$ source /opt/DL/tensorflow/bin/tensorflow-activate
# Copyright 2015 The TensorFlow Authors. All Rights Reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
# ==============================================================================
"""A deep MNIST classifier using convolutional layers.
See extensive documentation at
https://www.tensorflow.org/get_started/mnist/pros
"""
# Disable linter warnings to maintain consistency with tutorial.
# pylint: disable=invalid-name
# pylint: disable=g-bad-import-order
from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import division
from __future__ import print_function
import argparse
import sys
import tempfile
from tensorflow.examples.tutorials.mnist import input_data
import tensorflow as tf
tf.logging.set_verbosity(tf.logging.INFO)
FLAGS = None
def deepnn(x):
"""deepnn builds the graph for a deep net for classifying digits.
Args:
x: an input tensor with the dimensions (N_examples, 784), where 784 is the
number of pixels in a standard MNIST image.
Returns:
A tuple (y, keep_prob). y is a tensor of shape (N_examples, 10), with values
equal to the logits of classifying the digit into one of 10 classes (the
digits 0-9). keep_prob is a scalar placeholder for the probability of
dropout.
"""
# Reshape to use within a convolutional neural net.
# Last dimension is for "features" - there is only one here, since images are
# grayscale -- it would be 3 for an RGB image, 4 for RGBA, etc.
with tf.name_scope('reshape'):
x_image = tf.reshape(x, [-1, 28, 28, 1])
# First convolutional layer - maps one grayscale image to 32 feature maps.
with tf.name_scope('conv1'):
W_conv1 = weight_variable([5, 5, 1, 32])
b_conv1 = bias_variable([32])
h_conv1 = tf.nn.relu(conv2d(x_image, W_conv1) + b_conv1)
# Pooling layer - downsamples by 2X.
with tf.name_scope('pool1'):
h_pool1 = max_pool_2x2(h_conv1)
# Second convolutional layer -- maps 32 feature maps to 64.
with tf.name_scope('conv2'):
W_conv2 = weight_variable([5, 5, 32, 64])
b_conv2 = bias_variable([64])
h_conv2 = tf.nn.relu(conv2d(h_pool1, W_conv2) + b_conv2)
# Second pooling layer.
with tf.name_scope('pool2'):
h_pool2 = max_pool_2x2(h_conv2)
# Fully connected layer 1 -- after 2 round of downsampling, our 28x28 image
# is down to 7x7x64 feature maps -- maps this to 1024 features.
with tf.name_scope('fc1'):
W_fc1 = weight_variable([7 * 7 * 64, 1024])
b_fc1 = bias_variable([1024])
h_pool2_flat = tf.reshape(h_pool2, [-1, 7 * 7 * 64])
h_fc1 = tf.nn.relu(tf.matmul(h_pool2_flat, W_fc1) + b_fc1)
# Dropout - controls the complexity of the model, prevents co-adaptation of
# features.
with tf.name_scope('dropout'):
keep_prob = tf.placeholder(tf.float32)
h_fc1_drop = tf.nn.dropout(h_fc1, keep_prob)
# Map the 1024 features to 10 classes, one for each digit
with tf.name_scope('fc2'):
W_fc2 = weight_variable([1024, 10])
b_fc2 = bias_variable([10])
y_conv = tf.matmul(h_fc1_drop, W_fc2) + b_fc2
return y_conv, keep_prob
def conv2d(x, W):
"""conv2d returns a 2d convolution layer with full stride."""
return tf.nn.conv2d(x, W, strides=[1, 1, 1, 1], padding='SAME')
def max_pool_2x2(x):
"""max_pool_2x2 downsamples a feature map by 2X."""
return tf.nn.max_pool(x, ksize=[1, 2, 2, 1],
strides=[1, 2, 2, 1], padding='SAME')
def weight_variable(shape):
"""weight_variable generates a weight variable of a given shape."""
initial = tf.truncated_normal(shape, stddev=0.1)
return tf.Variable(initial)
def bias_variable(shape):
"""bias_variable generates a bias variable of a given shape."""
initial = tf.constant(0.1, shape=shape)
return tf.Variable(initial)
def main(_):
# Import data
mnist = input_data.read_data_sets(FLAGS.data_dir)
# Create the model
x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, 784])
# Define loss and optimizer
y_ = tf.placeholder(tf.int64, [None])
# Build the graph for the deep net
y_conv, keep_prob = deepnn(x)
with tf.name_scope('loss'):
cross_entropy = tf.losses.sparse_softmax_cross_entropy(
labels=y_, logits=y_conv)
cross_entropy = tf.reduce_mean(cross_entropy)
with tf.name_scope('adam_optimizer'):
train_step = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(1e-4).minimize(cross_entropy)
with tf.name_scope('accuracy'):
correct_prediction = tf.equal(tf.argmax(y_conv, 1), y_)
correct_prediction = tf.cast(correct_prediction, tf.float32)
accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(correct_prediction)
# Enable Large Model Support
from tensorflow.contrib.lms import LMS
lms_model = LMS({'adam_optimizer'},
excl_scopes = {'loss', 'accuracy', 'dropout'},
lb=3)
lms_model.run(tf.get_default_graph())
graph_location = tempfile.mkdtemp()
print('Saving graph to: %s' % graph_location)
train_writer = tf.summary.FileWriter(graph_location)
train_writer.add_graph(tf.get_default_graph())
with tf.Session() as sess:
sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())
for i in range(20000):
batch = mnist.train.next_batch(50)
if i % 100 == 0:
train_accuracy = accuracy.eval(feed_dict={
x: batch[0], y_: batch[1], keep_prob: 1.0})
print('step %d, training accuracy %g' % (i, train_accuracy))
train_step.run(feed_dict={x: batch[0], y_: batch[1], keep_prob: 0.5})
print('test accuracy %g' % accuracy.eval(feed_dict={
x: mnist.test.images, y_: mnist.test.labels, keep_prob: 1.0}))
if __name__ == '__main__':
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('--data_dir', type=str,
default='/tmp/tensorflow/mnist/input_data',
help='Directory for storing input data')
FLAGS, unparsed = parser.parse_known_args()
tf.app.run(main=main, argv=[sys.argv[0]] + unparsed)
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